Berikut ini adalah beberapa pola susunan dan pengembangan ide yang umum dipakai dalam sebuah teks berdasarkan kata/frasa petunjuk.
- sebab – akibat (cause – effect): because, due to, so, thus, therefore, as a result, as a consequence, dan lain sebagainya
- perbandingan – pertentangan (compare – contrast): kata sifat komparatif (more, less), kata sifat superlatif (the most, the least, the best), comparable, similar, unlike, likewise, different from, on the other hand
- definisi – contoh (definition – example): for example, for instance, such as, dan lain sebagainya
- klasifikasi – pengelompokan (classification – group): consist of, comprise, include, cover, dan lain sebagainya
- kronologi (chronological order): in the past, in … (year), after that, then, dan lain sebagainya
- urutan (sequence): first, second, third, dan lain sebagainya
- masalah – solusi (problem – solution): problem, trouble, difficulty, danger, solution, solve, dan lain sebagainya
- pro – kontra (pros – cons): however, on the other hand, disadvantage, benefit, opponent, proponent, dan lain sebagainya,
Berikut adalah beberapa bentuk soalnya.
- In presenting the ideas, the author starts by ….
- How are the ideas in paragraphs … and … related?
HOW TO SOLVE:
- Lakukan skimming
- Pahami ide pokok paragraf
- Tentukan hubungan ide
EXAMPLE
The question is based on the following passage.
Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos and computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes, offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support learning children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.
Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important time to apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of cutting-edge technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media. Interactive media refers to digital and analog materials, including software programs, applications (apps), some children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet, and other forms of content designed to facilitate active and creative use by young children and to encourage social engagement with other children and adults.
When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood programs is built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood professionals are aware of both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are positioned to improve program quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of technology and media for the benefit of every child.
This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools encompasses a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-touch screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders, electronic toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used such as tape recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.
By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded in principles of child development.
NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8 [PDF]. Accessed and adapted on 11 July, 2022 from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/ps_technology.pdf.
How does the second sentence relate to the first sentence in paragraph 2?
a. It shows the importance of interactive media to children’s lives.
b. It argues that interactive media include digital materials only.
c. It explains the definition and examples of interactive media.
d. It states that the children and adults nowadays are familiar with digital technology.
e. It shows that interactive media can support social engagement among adults.
Jawaban: C
Pembahasan:
Soal tersebut menanyakan hubungan kalimat pertama dan kedua pada paragraf kedua.
Kalimat pertama menjelaskan pentingnya menerapkan aturan-aturan pembelajaran ketika mulai menggunakan teknologi baru dalam pembelajaran, yaitu media interaktif. Kalimat kedua menjelaskan bahwa media interaktif mengacu pada materi digital dan analog, termasuk program perangkat lunak, aplikasi, beberapa program televisi anak-anak, e-book, internet, dan bentuk konten lain yang dirancang untuk memfasilitasi penggunaan aktif dan kreatif oleh anak-anak muda dan untuk mendorong keterlibatan sosial dengan anak-anak lain dan orang dewasa.
Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kalimat kedua menjelaskan definisi dan contoh media interaktif yang disebutkan di kalimat pertama.